The Rollkur Debate and Patrik Kittel Video
I have been debating about whether to post on this topic or not, as Billie has done such a fantastic job of covering the issue on her site Camera-Obscura. In the end, I decided to mention it as I know I have some readers that don’t generally follow blogs and so may have missed the story. I really believe that more people need to become aware of the issue and the resulting flurry of activity, and hopefully join the legions of people that are calling for change. Please visit Billie’s site for all the details and for the excellent coverage that she continues to provide on the subject.
I’m no expert in dressage and I’m not going to pretend to have a complete understanding of the topic, but here is my attempt at a brief overview for those (like me) who are relatively new to the idea of rollkur. I would like to invite those who are more educated to jump in and correct/add to my explanation.
Basically, rollkur is a highly controversial training technique that is increasingly common in dressage style riding. It is also called hyperflexion, and consists of the horse being ridden for extended periods of time “behind the bit” – often to the point where the nose/mouth is held to the chest as the horse is driven forward. Proponents of the technique claim that it stretches the horse’s back muscles. Opponents say it’s horse abuse. From what I’ve read, I certainly tend toward the latter sentiment, but I’m no expert and encourage you to educate yourself and formulate your own opinions. If you Google “Rollkur” you’ll get no shortage of information and images to study. Either way, riders who utilize the technique are apparently winning at high levels in dressage competition, which makes it difficult to enact change.
What I do know is this: the current frenzy on this topic originated after Epona TV aired a video of Patrik Kittel riding a horse during a warm up period for a show and utilizing this technique. The video goes on for what feels like forever, and shows the horse’s blue tongue lolling out of his mouth, as he rides around and around in this restricted position. You can watch other riders casually going by, no one giving this guy a second look despite the obvious distress his horse is exhibiting. Due to the public outrage following the release of this video, a firestorm of petitions has made its way through the system and people are calling for change. Although I am not a dressage rider, I feel that this is important because it makes a statement about winning at any cost. I think that many of us who compete at a high level in any discipline have witnessed questionable training practices that result in winners. We all know how hard it is to compete against an ideal that is not natural and is not naturally created. This is our chance to take that first step towards encouraging healthy, fair competition that does not result in or encourage animal abuse. Even if you are not a “horse person” I ask you to check out Billie’s site and educate yourself. She has tons of information and multiple ways to get involved, including online petitions, Facebook groups, and contact information for organizations that can enact change.



Lisa - November 3, 2009 at 1:27 pm
Good post, difficult topic. I ride classical dressage and am vehemently against hyper-flexion as I am against any purely restrictive form of riding. The beauty in riding lies in working with the horse, not against it.
Thanks for the other links, I’m going to have a look at them.
I would also suggest interested persons to have a look at Philippe Karl’s web page and his correspondence with the German FN. He suggests several changes in modern competitive dressage. Rollkur is only one of the many aspects (although certainly one of the more painful ones) to be addressed.
michelle - November 3, 2009 at 11:16 pm
Lisa ~ Thank you so much for your insightful comments regarding this topic. Your comment about working with the horse instead of against it is absolutely right. It cheapens the sport when there is such abuse of power. Thanks also for the reference. I will be sure to check it out and continue learning about this.
Arlene ~ It is amazing how many people take for granted that these animals can weigh ten times as much as us and yet will pack someone around that is so clearly NOT in partnership with them. I think that makes it even harder for me to see, because even through the abuse they continue to take it long after many people would have lost their cool in a similar situation.
Jenn ~ You made some really good points and gave great examples of other training practices that have similar outcomes. I really hope that some change comes out of the uprising and that just maybe it can turn the tide towards responsible horse showing, even just a little bit.
Lisa ~ You’re right! I’ve done the same thing and not only is my neck sore, but my whole back aches! I can’t imagine holding that position for extended periods of time while trying to run. I’m hurting just thinking about it!!
Arlene - November 3, 2009 at 1:59 pm
It is good to have people like you who look after abuse of innocent animals. I am always amazed, though I guess I shouldn’t be, of selfish, thoughtless people who have such little regard the safety and care of such noble animals. Keep up spreading the word.
Jenn - November 3, 2009 at 4:30 pm
Hyperflexion is horrible. Unfortunately, several of the “big name” dressage riders use Rollkur and have a following of those who do not believe it is abusive. Just watch the horses who are ridden Rollkur…they are not happy, comfortable, peaceful or willing. I saw the “Blue Tongue” video and I was absolutely sick to my stomach the whole time. That is not a happy horse…that is a horse who has had all of his options taken away by brute force.
Just as unfortunately, this type of aggressive abuse is evident in many, many riding disciplines and too many in the professional world turn a blind eye to it…from using draw reins on shanked bits in the hunter warmup ring, to “soring” saddlebreds, to cutting the nerves in the tails of western pleasure horses to poling horses to force them to lift their legs higher over jumps.
It all goes against the natural beauty of the horse and flies in the face of the partnership most of us try to achieve through gentle training that works with the horse instead of against him.
Laughing Orca Ranch - November 3, 2009 at 7:11 pm
I first learned about rollkur several months ago over at Arlene’s blog “Grey Horse Matters” and was surprised and appalled. Heck when I fall asleep sitting up and my neck bends down so my chin just rests on my chest…I am sore and often in pain for a while afterwards. These horses aren’t resting their heads in that position. They are being forced to hold that position. Ouch.
~Lisa
Paint Girl - November 4, 2009 at 2:33 am
I don’t know much about dressage, so I don’t have too much to say. I will have to go see the links. But from what you described, it sounds very painful and inhumane. I couldn’t imagine doing that to one of my horses.
I know harsh training techniques are used throughout the horse world, but if only these “trainers” realized there is a more humane method for training their horses, we wouldn’t have to have these discussions of horse abuse. But we will probably never see that happen. So sad.
michelle - November 4, 2009 at 10:26 pm
I agree, Paint Girl. I don’t know much about dressage either, but I know I can relate back to things I’ve seen in my own experience. It is such a shame that things like this video have to come up at all. We can only hope that one day kindness and humanity will prevail.
juliette - November 4, 2009 at 7:46 am
As always, I am opposed to most of what we as “riders” do to our horses. I am extreme in that I constantly ask myself if my horse would do “this” (whatever I am attempting) on his/her own. Example: I had a pony who would jump fences on her own when she was turned out in the ring. That tells me that she enjoyed jumping. She must have thought is was fun. Horses trot and canter freely when turned out. They don’t trot and canter for very long, though, on their own. We force them to do things which to me seem cruel but are commonally accepted. For example, I am a runner. I train and I am fairly fit. I understand about warming up and cooling down. I see so many people, who could run a step, lunging their horses too long, too fast without warmup and a proper cool down. Also, another “normal” exercise is for a rider to hop on and walk their horse around a ring for half a minute and then immediately trot and then canter and jump. The whole ride is over in 15 minutes. The horse hasn’t even stretched or moved or had the opportunity to bend in anyway. The next day the horse is lame or sore and out comes the vet and xrays. It is sad because practices like Rollkur are horrid and should be stopped, but they are only the most visible, the most obviously cruel. Everyday it is the little thoughtless acts of man that makes me crazy. I wish everyone would really think about what they are doing with their horses.
michelle - November 4, 2009 at 10:28 pm
Juliette, you are so right about what you say. Although an insufficient warm up is not abusive, it can be (in some cases) just as bad or worse to be uneducated as it is to purposely abuse an animal. It is so important for any animal caretaker to accept the responsibility to educate, and continue to educate, themselves about their pets. Thanks for pointing out that we all need to remain aware all the time, not just when these horrific videos pop up.
juliette - November 4, 2009 at 7:49 am
sorry about all the errors “commonly”
and I meant…”couldn’t run a step”
I was so mad that I was typing too fast!
greyhorsematters - November 4, 2009 at 7:40 pm
Billie has done such a wonderful job on her site and put a lot of work into her informative posts. I think it’s a good thing for all of us to further get the word out and distribute as much information as we can. Hopefully, if enough people get involved this disgusting practice will be outlawed. Thanks for putting this great post up. I plan on putting a link to Billie’s blog soon.
michelle - November 4, 2009 at 10:30 pm
Thanks GHM. Billie has done an excellent job with the topic and I’m happy to support her in her endeavors to get the word out. I hope that even just a few more people have become aware after seeing this post.
Victoria Cummings - November 6, 2009 at 10:02 am
Michelle – thanks for posting such a thoughtful piece about this subject. For all the wonderful things that our horses give us, it seems the least we can all do is to advocate for them and protest when someone is doing something cruel and inhumane. What’s most sad to me is that the poor horse in the video isn’t trying to escape or buck off his rider. His spirit is broken, and that is incredibly tragic.
michelle - November 9, 2009 at 4:07 pm
Victoria, that is the saddest part to me too. I hate that these animals tolerate that kind of abuse when they could kill a man if they chose to. It really speaks to their souls if they will continue to try to appease their riders, even after this sort of treatment. Such a shame.
Kajsa - November 12, 2009 at 2:38 pm
I won’t comment on whether or not to use rollkur as a training technique, since I’m not sure how I feel about it myself and don’t think I know enough to make a statement. But, I want to make something clear about the video of the swedish rider Patrik Kittel and his horse Watermill Scandic at the World Cup Dressage Qualifier in Odense, Denmark, oct 2009. The video you’re writing about is an edited version, in which the part where the tongue is actually hanging outside the mouth is in slow motion. That makes it seem as if he is riding like that for an extended period of time, when it in reality (if you watch the uncut video on YouTube) it’s only about 10-20 seconds. Patrik, when he discover the situation, stops the horse immediately and fixes it. I also have a hard time believing that a rider who has educated more than 30 horses up to Grand Prix and has more than 50 victorys in Grand Prix competions on more than ten different horses would have achieved all of this if his horses were not comfortable with the rider and the training. As far as I can tell Scandic does not show any particular signs of distress in this video, aside from the tongue hanging outside his mouth. But please, if someone thinks I am wrong about something, just comment because I would be happy to know.
michelle - November 13, 2009 at 9:01 am
Thanks for your input, Kajsa. I will be sure to check out the uncut video on YouTube.
Chelsi - November 20, 2009 at 8:15 pm
IMHO- The use of rollkur for a length of time (even one quarter of what is seen in the UNCUT version of that youtube video) is abuse. In my experience a FORM of rollkur (hyper flexed) can be used for a very small amount of time (seconds to a minute) both on the ground and the saddle as a method of creating a small amount of discomfort in order to encourage the horse to the desired behaviour, at which time the release of pressure is given. This teaches the horse to do the desired behaviour as quickly as possible in order to avoid the discomfort. …ie to give to the pressure of the bit….(the same could be said of any pressure we apply to our horse) where this method becomes abuse is when the release is not given. Rollkur, as it relates to abuse, is not hyperflextion, it is the the use of hyperflextion for a prolonged period of time and so the debate is what constitutes “prolonged”. I personally feel that rollkur being used for any length of time when the horse has no method of finding release is abuse. Other riders in this video use rollkur for a 10 or 20 seconds and then release the pressure. This problem is systemic in all disciplines where the frame of the horse is of issue (dressage, reining, western pleasure, hunter etc.) but is not an issue (that I’ve heard of) of abuse in areas like jumping, cutting, eventing, etc. even though rollkur is sometimes used in training for those sports but is not used in such an abusive form. It is even used in natural horsemanship. It seems the FEI has finally, as a result of that youtube video, taken a more specific stand on the issue (as of November 17th or 18th) and is going to start issuing stricter guidelines on it’s use. I hope that they pay as much attention to it in the reining arena as they do in the dressage.
Kejsa- having ONLY watched the unedited version I can say that, IMO there is no question, NONE, that is abuse of rollkur. The tongue issue is a moot point (not related to the abuse). The reason why rollkur is of such issue is that it IS being used and is effective in achieving results by the top names in the industry. The fact that this guy has won such big events says nothing about his methods of getting there…if anything the opposite. Riders at that level are under a lot of pressure to provide results and win by the owners and sponsers that have a lot of money riding on the performance of that horse, which is why horses at the level are often subject to such abusive training methods…there is more than just a ribbon riding on the results.
michelle - November 23, 2009 at 8:43 am
Thanks for your input, Chelsi. I agree with you that the lack of release in this training method is of particular concern. As I watched this video several times (both the edited and unedited versions), I saw a horse that did not appear to be struggling or fighting, and yet was never offered release or a reprieve from the overly restricted position he was being forced into. As I said before, I am not familiar with this style of riding other than what I have learned in light of this video. However, in my 20+ years of horse experience, I have never participated in or witnessed a training technique that did not reward the horse for providing the desired response. I cannot imagine how consistently riding in this way produces horses that are sound in mind and body that will perform well for any length of time.
billie - November 22, 2009 at 5:33 pm
Unfortunately, it is becoming apparent that Patrik Kittel has a documented history of using these very harsh techniques on his horses – resulting in profuse bleeding from the mouth, open wounds from a too-tight cavesson, riding with double bridle AND a dropped noseband that was so tight a steward could hardly get it unbuckled.
Horses often hide distress, especially if it is something that has been done to them over and over again. In Scandic’s case, it appears to me that he has simply dissociated himself from the pain and trauma.
michelle - November 23, 2009 at 8:49 am
Thanks for the enlightenment, Billie. Unfortunately, when “trainers” like this have success in the show arena, their training methods are somehow justified to the masses that it’s OK to be harsh with horses. It never ceases to amaze me that these animals will tolerate this sort of riding, when they could so easily remove their riders! I guess I wouldn’t make it very far in Patrik Kittel’s barn if I were a horse!
Mathilda - November 23, 2009 at 2:46 am
I have been at Patriks place and I have too say, he ride soo soft and gentel with his horses. I would never dpo anything too harm them.
The tounge was just out for a couple of seconds and the tounge gets blue really quick but turns back too normal color after a few seconds.
We always discuss the hyperflexion in dressage.. The jumping rider have been riding with hyperflexion for a very long time. I have really hard too see that the horse not feel good, if the horse didn`t feel good about this riding how can he ride at over 70 % in a grand prix?
I myself have a good experience about hyperflexion.. My pony always was a little bit stiff in his left side, but then i startde too ride him soo low and “over bend”him on both side when I started too ride him. After that it was like a different horse. He was soo soft and really enjoyed his work. After that the riding was soo fun! I just played with him and he just danced!
I like Patrik and think that it`s fun that it go soo good for him, soo why just leave him alone and let him doo what he is best too do? Ride!
michelle - November 23, 2009 at 9:02 am
Thank you for commenting, Mathilda. I appreciate your viewpoint, but I’m afraid that I personally disagree with you. I don’t think that just because someone performs “well” that it justifies harsh or cruel training techniques. As a longtime veteran of the Appaloosa show arena, I know for a fact that the best horse does not always win and that sometimes unnatural movement becomes desirable in the show ring. That doesn’t make it right. One example of this is several years ago, the trait for winning western pleasure horses was an extremely low head carriage. Some horses naturally carried themselves this way, and happened to do well. Soon, some trainers were jumping on the bandwagon and trying to create this headset at any cost – up to the extreme of “hanging” their horses in their stalls for hours until they were so exhausted that they traveled with the “desired” low headset. Just because these horses won their classes does NOT justify the manner in which they were trained. Eventually this practice has declined, but it took a long time to get there.
I can accept that used in the proper way, hyperflexion may have some beneficial results for stiff horses. However, my issue is that the unedited video that I watched was approximately 10 minutes long and I never saw that horse get any relief or reward for traveling around that arena in such a restricted state. To me, that is when it becomes abusive.